Viewpoint: Regulating meat consumption to improve health,the environment and animal welfare

Meat consumption has increased significantly in the last 50 years. This trend raises various health and environmental issues, as well as moral concerns regarding farm animal welfare. In this paper, we discuss the regulation of meat consumption in developed countries. Specifically, we discuss possible justifications for this regulation in terms of environmental, health and animal welfare considerations, as well as the effect of fiscal, informational and behavioral regulatory instruments. Finally, we present a list of challenges that policy makers and food scholars may need to confront in the future.     

政府研发补贴促进企业创新了吗

政府补贴能否促进企业创新一直存在争议。与以往从资源视角探讨政府补贴与企业创新关系的研究不同，基于信号理论视角，以2012—2016年沪深A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本，通过剔除非研发补贴的噪音并控制样本自选择偏误，实证检验中国转型经济背景下，政府研发补贴对企业创新的微观政策效应，以及企业层面制度因素（产权性质）和区域层面制度因素（制度环境）对该效应的调节作用。研究发现，政府研发补贴释放的积极信号能够帮助企业获取外部创新资源，有效促进企业创新；相比于国有企业，政府研发补贴对非国有企业创新的激励效应更强；制度环境越好，政府研发补贴对企业创新的激励效应越强。研究理论丰富了科技创新政策有效性和信号理论相关研究。同时，研究发现，政府应继续加大对企业创新活动的补贴额度，不断深化所有制改革，为企业创新营造良好的外部制度环境；另外，企业还应充分发挥政府研发补贴信号的杠杆效应，拓宽外部创新资源获取渠道。     

External regulation,independent director attendance,and governance effects

In this study we examine how the regulation of director attendance disciplines directors’ behavior, and consider the governance effect of such regulations. This examination exploits the differences between the requirements for director attendance at board meetings enacted by the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE) and by the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). Using a difference-in-differences model with a sample of A-share listed firms from 2006 to 2017, we document that the rate of meeting attendance by independent directors who serve with firms listed on the SHSE (SHIDs) has increased significantly since the exchange’s enforcement of the regulation on attendance. This positive effect has been more pronounced for independent directors with legal backgrounds. Further investigations find that the regulation of attendance plays a corporate governance role through the mechanism of enhanced monitoring. The attendance regulation increases the SHIDs likelihood of casting dissenting votes, and it leads to both better accounting performance and higher firm value. In addition, SHIDs are more likely to depart from firms listed on the SHSE, and to transfer their directorships to firms listed on the SZSE, which has a less constraining attendance requirement. Our findings provide evidence of how external regulation shapes director attendance and voting behavior in emerging markets.     

Foreign inflows and economic growth: An emiprical study of the SAARC region

The study examines and highlights the impact of selected foreign inflows (aid, trade, FDI, debt and remittances) on the economic growth of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. The existent literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of the SAARC countries as countries like Afghanistan, Bhutan and the Maldives have largely been ignored due to the shorter time periods of available data. The study is empirical in nature and utilizes panel data techniques on macroeconomic data for the period 2008–2015. Foreign aid and foreign direct investment are found to impact economic growth positively. Foreign debt and trade flows are found to adversely affect economic growth. No relationship is established between the flow of remittances and the economic growth of these countries. The obtained results are robust to different proxy variables and the addition of macroeconomic variables. For the first time, the study provides policy implications based on the data of all SAARC countries. The study recommends focusing on increasing the inflows of resources in the form of aid and foreign direct investment (FDI) from the developed world to achieve higher economic growth.     

COVID-19 and business renewal: Lessons and insights from the global airline industry

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the fortunes of multiple companies around the globe. Accordingly, questions are increasingly being asked about how organizations can revitalize during and after a crisis. Yet, we have limited understanding of how organizations renew themselves during crises over time. We explore this question through the lens and examination of two South-Asian airlines: Pakistan International Airlines and Sri Lankan Airlines. The cases offer important insights into the reasons behind underperformance of state-controlled enterprises and renewal activities. We shed light on strategic renewal (SR) in the wake of increasing liberalization and deregulations in the global airline industry. To this end, we propose a four-stage approach towards renewing such underperforming organizations to respond effectively to black swan events and external shocks.     

投桃何以报李:企业内外部社会责任对管家行为的影响机制研究

当员工感知到企业的善行,即企业善待员工或是积极履行对外部利益相关者的责任,是否会激发员工"舍己为公"的行为倾向,使其为了保护组织长远利益而牺牲个人短期利益呢?本研究依据社会交换和社会认同理论,通过524份有效样本进行实证分析,探讨员工感知的企业社会责任对"舍己为公"的管家行为的作用机制。结果表明,员工感知的内部和外部企业社会责任均正向影响员工的管家行为。责任知觉和道德认同分别在员工感知的内部企业社会责任与管家行为、员工感知的外部企业社会责任与管家行为间起中介作用,且责任知觉和道德认同的中介作用没有显著差异。     

The intellectual structure of the journal Business Strategy and the Environment: A 25‐year author cocitation analysis

This article presents the intellectual structure and 25‐year author cocitation analysis of the journal Business Strategy and the Environment. The findings show that Business Strategy and the Environment is an emerging, well‐established journal in its field. The journal needs a core set of authors who are actively engaged in the production and certification of knowledge; further, it consists of a number of loosely linked research team contributors, each with its own areas of interest. The existence of these research teams is a sign of strength that characterizes the journal as it strives to foster a community of unified scholars whose published works advance our understanding of business strategic decisions and behavior with regard to the natural environment. This study is useful for contributors, readers, and editorial board members who form the journal's community of knowledge creation and certification.     

优化营商环境与外资企业FDI动机——市场寻求抑或效率寻求

在优化营商环境已成为当前发展中国家引资竞争新优势的背景下,针对优化营商环境影响外资企业FDI动机的考察变得尤为重要。本文在构建企业层面营商环境指数的基础上,考察了发展中国家优化营商环境影响外资企业FDI动机的机制及效应。结论表明:优化营商环境减弱(增强)了外资企业的市场(效率)寻求型FDI动机;内资企业竞争力的增强、外资企业特惠资源的取消和加工贸易型外资企业的存在,使得优化营商环境降低了外资企业的生产率,进而市场(效率)寻求型FDI动机减弱(增强)。细分样本的考察发现,上述结论仅存在于独资企业、工业和低收入国家的外资企业中,对于合资企业、服务业和高收入国家的外资企业,优化营商环境对其FDI动机无显著影响,且生产率的中介效应不存在。本研究从优化营商环境的视角为当前中国引资政策的制定提供了更为具体的政策启示。     

多重知识网络嵌入性对团队创新绩效的“双刃剑”效应——失败学习的中介作用

基于网络嵌入理论和经验学习理论，遵循“资源―行为―绩效”框架，从团队视角探讨多重知识网络嵌入性对创新绩效的影响机制。采用PROCESS宏程序和MEDCURVE宏程序分析技术，对多时点收集的277套创新型团队领导―成员配对数据进行分析，研究发现多重知识网络嵌入性转化为团队创新绩效的4条路径：①内部和外部知识网络嵌入性均对团队创新绩效存在倒U型影响；②利用式失败学习在内部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的正向关系中具有显著中介作用，在外部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用；③探索式失败学习在两个维度的知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用；④两个维度的知识网络嵌入性顺次通过利用式失败学习、探索式失败学习对团队创新绩效发挥间接作用，利用式失败学习和探索式失败学习在其中起链式中介作用。     

政府背景风险投资对创新的甄选与培育效果——不同区域环境视角的检验

以创业板企业数据为样本，使用Logit模型及工具变量法，研究不同区域环境下政府背景风险投资对企业创新的事前甄选与事后培育作用，并对其机制进行探讨。结果表明：①经济区域对政府背景风险投资行为影响有限，与非核心发达地区相比，金融发达地区的政府背景风险投资对企业技术创新没有表现出差异性甄选行为，但却有更好的事后培育作用，而且这种培育作用会随着地区投资环境优化而增强；②行政区域对政府背景风险投资行为影响显著，与异省投资相比，本省政府背景风险投资对技术创新的事前甄选具有显著优势，但对被投企业后续创新投入产生了一定的负面作用，这种作用会因政府背景风险投资占有董事会席位而加大。